{
 "checked": "2026-10-24 (America/New_York)",
 "page": "https://jabbitapp.com/research/peg-mgf-mechano-growth-factor-peptide-evidence-teardown.html",
 "fda": {
  "category2_page": "https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks",
  "category2_status": "Mechano growth factor pegylated (PEG-MGF) is listed under 'Bulk drug substances nominated but withdrawn'. Page content current as of 04/22/2026.",
  "category2_text": "Compounded drugs containing Mechano Growth Factor Pegylated (PEG-MGF) may pose significant risk for immunogenicity for certain routes of administration and may have complexities with regard to peptide-related impurities and API characterization. FDA has not identified any human exposure data on drug products containing PEG-MGF administered via any route of administration. FDA lacks important information regarding any safety issues raised by PEG-MGF, including whether it would cause harm if administered to humans.",
  "pcac_page": "https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee/meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee",
  "pcac_status": "Agenda: Cathelicidin (LL-37), GHK-Cu, Dihexa acetate, Melanotan II, Mechano Growth Factor, Pegylated (PEG-MGF), 'being considered for inclusion on the 503A bulks list'; meeting 'before the end of February 2027'; no date or materials; content current as of 04/15/2026.",
  "oira": "RIN 0910-ZD94, Interim Access Policy for Compounding Using Certain Peptides, received 10/14/2026, Pending EO 12866 Regulatory Review; text not public. https://www.reginfo.gov/public/do/eoDetails?rrid=1568964",
  "faers_counts_by_medicinalproduct": {
   "PEG-MGF": 0,
   "PEG_MGF": 0,
   "MGF": 0,
   "MECHANO_GROWTH_FACTOR": 0,
   "PEGYLATED_MECHANO_GROWTH_FACTOR": 0
  },
  "drugsfda_matches": {
   "mechano": 0,
   "MGF": 0
  },
  "enforcement_recalls_product_description": {
   "MGF": 0,
   "mechano": 0
  },
  "ndc_directory": {
   "generic_name": "MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) Acetate",
   "product_type": "BULK INGREDIENT",
   "marketing_category": "BULK INGREDIENT",
   "dosage_form": "POWDER",
   "marketing_start_date": "20210330",
   "active_ingredient_as_coded": "MECASERMIN",
   "pegylated_listings": 0,
   "note": "One bulk-ingredient (API powder) listing named 'MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) Acetate', with its active ingredient coded as mecasermin (the name for full-length recombinant IGF-1). A listing is a registration, not an FDA approval. Labeler not named here."
  },
  "note": "Zero adverse event reports is not evidence of safety; unapproved products bought online are rarely reported."
 },
 "registry": {
  "queries": [
   "\"mechano growth factor\"",
   "\"mechano-growth factor\"",
   "PEG-MGF",
   "\"IGF-1Ec\"",
   "\"pegylated MGF\""
  ],
  "api": "ClinicalTrials.gov API v2, query.term, all pages, 2026-10-24",
  "unique_studies": 506,
  "interventional": 414,
  "studies_giving_mgf_or_peg_mgf": [],
  "note": "The search engine matches loosely (growth factor, IGF-1, growth hormone studies). No record lists MGF, PEG-MGF, IGF-1Ec or an MGF E-peptide as an intervention."
 },
 "wada": {
  "list": "World Anti-Doping Agency 2026 Prohibited List, S2.3 Growth Factors and Growth Factor Modulators: 'Mechano growth factors (MGFs)'; prohibited at all times; non-Specified.",
  "url": "https://www.wada-ama.org/sites/default/files/2025-09/2026list_en_final_clean_september_2025.pdf",
  "prohibited_since": "2005 (per Thevis et al. 2014)"
 },
 "patents": {
  "WO2006097682A1": {
   "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2006097682A1/en",
   "priority": "2005-03-18",
   "status_google_patents": "Ceased",
   "pegylation_described": true
  },
  "WO2006097764A1": {
   "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2006097764A1/en",
   "priority": "2005-03-18",
   "status_google_patents": "Ceased",
   "pegylation_described": true
  },
  "US20060211606A1": {
   "url": "https://patents.google.com/patent/US20060211606A1/en",
   "priority": "2005-03-18",
   "status_google_patents": "Abandoned",
   "pegylation_described": true
  }
 },
 "patent_note": "UCL Business / University of Illinois family (priority 2005-03-18) describes MGF E-domain peptides modified for stability, including PEGylation. Google Patents lists the WO publications as ceased and the US application as abandoned.",
 "pubmed": {
  "counts": {
   "peg_mgf": {
    "query": "\"PEG-MGF\"",
    "count": 1
   },
   "pegylated_mgf": {
    "query": "\"pegylated mechano growth factor\" OR \"PEGylated MGF\" OR \"pegylated MGF\"",
    "count": 7
   },
   "mgf_tiab": {
    "query": "\"mechano growth factor\"[tiab] OR \"mechano-growth factor\"[tiab]",
    "count": 194
   },
   "mgf_human_rct": {
    "query": "(\"mechano growth factor\"[tiab] OR \"mechano-growth factor\"[tiab]) AND (randomized controlled trial[pt] OR clinical trial[pt])",
    "count": 6
   },
   "mgf_doping": {
    "query": "(\"mechano growth factor\"[tiab] OR \"mechano-growth factor\"[tiab]) AND (doping OR \"black market\" OR confiscated)",
    "count": 10
   }
  },
  "note": "\"PEG-MGF\" returns one record (Front Endocrinol 2026 review). The pegylated-MGF query's other hits concern PEGylated growth hormone or IGF-1, or nanoparticles, not PEG-MGF. The 6 'trial' hits measure MGF mRNA after exercise, ultrasound or electrical stimulation; none gives MGF.",
  "key_pmids": {
   "8884603": {
    "title": "Cloning and characterization of an IGF-1 isoform expressed in skeletal muscle subjected to stretch.",
    "journal": "J Muscle Res Cell Motil",
    "year": "1996"
   },
   "12095637": {
    "title": "Different roles of the IGF-I Ec peptide (MGF) and mature IGF-I in myoblast proliferation and differentiation.",
    "journal": "FEBS Lett",
    "year": "2002"
   },
   "11566187": {
    "title": "Age-related loss of skeletal muscle function and the inability to express the autocrine form of insulin-like growth factor-1 (MGF) in response to mechanical overload.",
    "journal": "FEBS Lett",
    "year": "2001"
   },
   "12692175": {
    "title": "Expression and splicing of the insulin-like growth factor gene in rodent muscle is associated with muscle satellite (stem) cell activation following local tissue damage.",
    "journal": "J Physiol",
    "year": "2003"
   },
   "12562960": {
    "title": "Expression of IGF-I splice variants in young and old human skeletal muscle after high resistance exercise.",
    "journal": "J Physiol",
    "year": "2003"
   },
   "14565994": {
    "title": "The effect of recombinant human growth hormone and resistance training on IGF-I mRNA expression in the muscles of elderly men.",
    "journal": "J Physiol",
    "year": "2004"
   },
   "18799338": {
    "title": "Serum IGF-I levels and IGF-I gene splicing in muscle of healthy young males receiving rhGH.",
    "journal": "Growth Horm IGF Res",
    "year": "2009"
   },
   "20130113": {
    "title": "Minireview: Mechano-growth factor: a putative product of IGF-I gene expression involved in tissue repair and regeneration.",
    "journal": "Endocrinology",
    "year": "2010"
   },
   "24253050": {
    "title": "Mechano-growth factor peptide, the COOH terminus of unprocessed insulin-like growth factor 1, has no apparent effect on myoblasts or primary muscle stem cells.",
    "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab",
    "year": "2014"
   },
   "26991004": {
    "title": "Potency of Full-Length MGF to Induce Maximal Activation of the IGF-I R Is Similar to Recombinant Human IGF-I at High Equimolar Concentrations.",
    "journal": "PLoS One",
    "year": "2016"
   },
   "16244184": {
    "title": "Research on mechano growth factor: its potential for optimising physical training as well as misuse in doping.",
    "journal": "Br J Sports Med",
    "year": "2005"
   },
   "22328223": {
    "title": "Characterization and identification of a C-terminal amidated mechano growth factor (MGF) analogue in black market products.",
    "journal": "Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom",
    "year": "2012"
   },
   "25466910": {
    "title": "Mass spectrometric characterization of a biotechnologically produced full-length mechano growth factor (MGF) relevant for doping controls.",
    "journal": "Growth Horm IGF Res",
    "year": "2014"
   },
   "28035768": {
    "title": "Detection and in vitro metabolism of the confiscated peptides BPC 157 and MGF R23H.",
    "journal": "Drug Test Anal",
    "year": "2017"
   },
   "17581790": {
    "title": "Mechano-growth factor reduces loss of cardiac function in acute myocardial infarction.",
    "journal": "Heart Lung Circ",
    "year": "2008"
   },
   "23712705": {
    "title": "The E-domain region of mechano-growth factor inhibits cellular apoptosis and preserves cardiac function during myocardial infarction.",
    "journal": "Mol Cell Biochem",
    "year": "2013"
   },
   "25606570": {
    "title": "Administration of a Synthetic Peptide Derived from the E-domain Region of Mechano-Growth Factor Delays Decompensation Following Myocardial Infarction.",
    "journal": "Int J Cardiovasc Res",
    "year": "2014"
   },
   "23749893": {
    "title": "IGF-IEc expression is associated with advanced clinical and pathological stage of prostate cancer.",
    "journal": "Anticancer Res",
    "year": "2013"
   },
   "32977489": {
    "title": "Role of Alternatively Spliced Messenger RNA (mRNA) Isoforms of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in Selected Human Tumors.",
    "journal": "Int J Mol Sci",
    "year": "2020"
   },
   "42395176": {
    "title": "The emerging landscape of performance-enhancing peptides modulating GH-IGF1 axis: bridging the gap between clinical evidence and patient self-administration.",
    "journal": "Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)",
    "year": "2026"
   }
  }
 },
 "review_2026": {
  "pmid": "42395176",
  "pmcid": "PMC13322892",
  "doi": "10.3389/fendo.2026.1822475",
  "quotes": [
   "No peer-reviewed human studies.",
   "pegylation extends stability, t½ not reported",
   "biological effects observed with native IGF-1Ec or isolated E-domain peptides cannot be assumed to apply to PEG-conjugated constructs",
   "claims that PEG-MGF reliably accelerates recovery or improves body composition in humans remain unproven"
  ],
  "tier": "D (no peer-reviewed human studies)"
 },
 "analysis": {
  "published_studies_of_peg_mgf_itself": 0,
  "registered_trials_giving_mgf_or_peg_mgf": 0,
  "faers_reports": 0,
  "note": "Jabbit tally. The MGF literature concerns an mRNA splice variant measured in muscle and synthetic E-domain peptides in cells and animals; we found no published study of the pegylated product sold as PEG-MGF."
 }
}